The standard of care first line therapy for many types of aggressive B-cell lymphoma is R-CHOP combination chemo-immunotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). 85% of patients with advanced stage disease are in remission after R-CHOP, and approximately 75% in remission never relapse. For those who have relapsed or primary refractory aggressive lymphoma, unfortunately things look bleaker, and prior to the era of CAR-T cell therapy, the vast majority (70-80% or more) would die of lymphoma.